degree of comparison

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1                     BACKGROUND

English structure is a lesson who might for studied in all school. We are who school in tourism school be able to using English because Bali is very famous  about tourism and all of people in the world visit Bali. So we must speak English with the guest. English language also get a international language. Degree of comparison is one of the matery who must to we are studied because this very important for us . English lesson is a lesson who tested in final examination in Indonesia.

1.2                     PURPOSE

I make this paper for repair my value who have broken in this time.

CHAPTER II CONTENT

Forming  Adjectives for  Comparative and Superlative Degree.

There are two type forming of adjectives for the comparative of and of superlative degree, that is for the one syllable of adjectives ( adjectives with one utterance) and adjective one-syllable than more ( adjective with interest from one uttering).

1.     One-syllable adjectives

Many people think forming of adjectives one-syllable for the comparative of and of superlative is same as degree with added er / est just suffix of adjectives, but there are some matter which must be paid attention like matter following hereunder.

Adjectives	Comparative	Superlative
Old	Older	Oldest
Tall	Taller	Tallest
Cheap	Cheaper	Cheapest
Late	Later	Latest
Nice	Nicer	Nicest
Angry	Angrier	Angriest
Funky	Funkier	Funkiest
Lucky	Luckier	Luckiest
Fat	Fatter	Fattest
Big	Bigger	Biggest
Thin	Thinner	Thinnest

·        Most adjectives only enhanced - er / - est in forming adjectives for the comparative of and of superlative degree

 example:

No	Comparative	Superlative
01	Old + -er = Older	Old + -est = Oldest
02	Tall + -er = Taller	Tall + -est = Tallest
03	Cheap + -er = Cheaper	Cheap + -est = Cheapest

• " For adjectives which end vowel ( vowel) forming of adjectives for the comparative of and of superlative degree only enhanced - r / st

Example :

No	Comparative	Superlative
01	Late + -r = Later	Late + -st = Latest
02	Nice + -r = Nicer	Nice + -st = Nicest

• " For adjectives which end letter ' Y', forming of adjectives for the comperative of and of superlative degree that is by changing huru ' Y' the become letter ' I' later, then enhanced - er / - est.

Example :

No	Comparative	Superlative
01	Angry = angri + er = Angrier	Angry = angri + est = Angriest
02	Funky = funki + er = Funkier	Funky = funki + est = Funkiest
03	Lucky = lucki + er = Luckier	Lucky = lucki + est = Luckiest

• " For adjectives which end consonant ( consonant) which is [is] previous to be preceded by one vowel ( vowel), taking example fat, big, thin, forming of adjectives for the comperative of and of superlative that is by repeating final letter the adjectives and enhanced - er / - est.

Example :

No	Comparative	Superlative
01	Fat = fatt + -er = Fatter	Fat = fatt + -est = Fattest
02	Big = bigg + -er = Bigger	Big = bigg + -est = Biggest
03	Thin = thinn + -er = Thinner	Thin = thinn + -est = Thinnest

Irrigular Comparison

Besides there are exemption in forming of adjectives one-syllable for the comparative of and of superlative as in to the, you also have to pay attention what that comparison irrigular. Comparison Irrigular is  to forming of adjectives for the comparative of and of superlative which [do] not follow rules above.

Example :

Adjectives	Comparative	Superlative
Good/well	Better	Best
Bad	Worse	Worst
Far	Further/farther	Furthest/farthest
Little	Less	Least
Old	Older/elder	Oldest/eldest

               

2. More than one-syllable adjectives

Adjective with interest from one uttering [is] word of adjective needing two uttering or more to saying taking example word ' beautiful' needing three uttering of beau-ti-ful, etc.

 Forming of and comparative of superlative for adjective with interest from one uttering relative easy to, that is by enhancing word of more/ most [in front/ahead] of word of adjective

Example :

Adjectives	Comparative	Superlative
Beautiful	More beautiful	Most beautiful
Handsome	More handsome	Most handsome
Ugly	More ugly	Most ugly

           

After  comprehend forming of and comparative of superlative for the one-syllable of and of more adjective one-syllable than above, such as those which writer promise, let us correct reading clarification from three type of Degrees Comparison of.

1. Equality comparison

In this comparison equality, depicting comparison  which between a comparator  and which comparison . There are two type of equality comparison that is Positive and comparison of Negative Comparison.

Positive Comparison

Formula :

Subject + To be + As + Adjectives + Object

Example :

- My hands were as cold as ice.

- She is as beautiful as her mother.

Negative Comparison

Formula :

Subject + To be + Not + As/so + Adjectives + Object

Example :

- She is not as/so beautiful as her mother

- Andi is not as/ so tall as Tomy.

2. Comparative

Comparative is English structure comparing one people or object with one people or other object ( single). usually distinguished with existence of word of More - er of Than from at.  To know how to form adjectives getting augmentation of more  - er, see clarification above.

formula:

Subject + To be + More/-er + Adjectives + Than + Object

Example :

- She is more beautiful than her mother.

- Andi is more handsome than Tomy.

Besides formula using  above, have a pattern Comparative that’s use  ‘The’ .

Example :

- The sooner the better.

- The older I get, the happier I am.

- The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.

3. Superlative

Superlative is English structure comparing one people or  object  with people or other object ( plural). usually distinguished with existence of word of Most or - est ( article and most) of the before word of most / - est. To know how to form adjectives getting augmentation of most or - est, see clarification above.

formula :

Subject + To be + The + Most/-est + Adjective

Example :

- She is the most beautiful creature in the world

- I am the smartest students in the class.

CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1 CONCLUSION

There are two type forming of adjectives for the comparative of and of superlative degree, that is for the one syllable of adjectives ( adjectives with one utterance) and adjective one-syllable than more ( adjective with interest from one uttering).

1. Equality comparison

In this comparison equality, depicting comparison  which between a comparator  and which comparison . There are two type of equality comparison that is Positive and comparison of Negative Comparison.

2. Comparative

Comparative is English structure comparing one people or object with one people or other object ( single). usually distinguished with existence of word of More - er of Than from at.  To know how to form adjectives getting augmentation of more  - er, see clarification above.

3. Superlative

Superlative is English structure comparing one people or  object  with people or other object ( plural). usually distinguished with existence of word of Most or - est ( article and most) of the before word of most / - est. To know how to form adjectives getting augmentation of most or - est, see clarification above.

3.2 SUGESTION

We must study degree of comparison again for we know about English and we can make comparison sentence. 

conditional sentence

BAB I INTRODUCTION

1.1           BACKGROUND

English structure is an application who must to studied, because this lesson will be final exam in Indonesia .  conditional  sentence is a lesson in English structure lesson who must to studied because this lesson very important in tourism word. If we want to speak with someone and will be chat about something who don’t evident we need to  speak about  supposition. That’s why we must study conditional sentence.

1.2           PURPOSE

The purpose by make this paper is for we can speak English about conditional sentence and we will know what is conditional sentence and when conditional sentence is using!!!!

And for repair my value about English structure.

CHAPTER II CONTENTS

2.1 the mean of conditional sentence

            Conditional sentence is  supposition sentences. Conditional sentence is  expression about something bout wishes, wanting or supposition who will not consist, or something who maybe will be consist if the  requisites complete.

Conditional sentence make from 2 clause that’s main clause (followed by modal) and if clause or subordinate clause (not followed by modal). Main clause indicating the result by the supposition who term in if clause.

2.2 various of conditional sentence

A.    Conditional Sentence Type  1

Conditional sentence type 1 also mentioned future conditional sentence (supposition in next period shape).

General formulation:

If present + s + v1 + s +  modal + v1

This type is using for :

1.     Explain a situation who maybe will consist in next time, if the requisites is complete.

Example :

-         I will come if you call me.

-         If you teach me,  I will know how to cook Balinese food.

2.     Explain about an action or incident who maybe will consist if the requisites is complete

Example :

-         She will be very happy, if you tell her that you love her.

-         If i have much money, I will buy a new car for my wife.

3.     Indicating about common or situation.

Example :

-         If it rains, Mario usually goes home from work by taxi.

-         If doni has time, she usually cooks dinner for me.

4.     Indicating a order.

Example :

-         If you meet wendi in Bangkok, please tell her that i miss her.

-         If jenny says something bad to you, let me know.

B.    Conditional Sentence Type 2

This type of Conditional sentence is also mention  present conditional sentence (supposition in shape now).

General formulation :

If past + s + v2 + s + modal + v1

 This type is used for :

1.     Explain about a situation isn’t appropriate or be incompatible with evident situation now.

Example  :

-         I would have helped you wash the car if you asked me to.

Reality :

I don’t help you wash the car because you don’t ask me.

-         She would have come to your graduation ceremony if she were invited.

Reality :

She doesn’t come to your graduation ceremony because she isn’t invited.

2.     Explain something who maybe small, or just enough to daydreaming if the matter can consist next time.

Example  :

-         If you brought more food, i wouldn’t be this hungry.

reality :

you don’t bring more food, so I am hungry.

-         If Olivia hadn’t come late on the job interview, he would have been a secretary in the bank.

Reality :

Olivia came late on the job interview, so she is not a secretary  in the bank.

C.     Conditional Sentence Type 3

This Type of Conditional sentence also past conditional sentence (supposition in past).

General formulation :

If had + v3 + s + modal + have + v3

 This type is used for :

1.     Explain a situation who explain a situation who opposite with past situation.

Example  :

-         If dad had come home earlier, he would have meet aunt mary’s new boyfriend.

Reality :

Dad didn’t come home earlier, so he didn’t meet aunt mary’s new boyfriend.

-         If Dylan had studied law at university, he would have been a successful lawyer now.

Really :

Dylan didn’t  study law at university, he would have been a successful lawyer now.

2.     Explain about  happening who will not because the time already past, or just daydreaming in past time

Example :

-         If we had known that you were having a barbeque at the park, we would have come.

Reality :

We didn’t know that you were having a barbeque at the park, so we didn’t come.

-         If you had told her about the car accidentthat happened to you yesterday, she would have understood.

Reality :

You didn’t  tell her about the accident that happened to you yesterday, so she doesn’t understand.

CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1   CONCLUSION

Conditional sentence is  supposition sentences. Conditional sentence is  expression about something bout wishes, wanting or supposition who will not consist, or something who maybe will be consist if the  requisites complete.

Conditional sentence make from 2 clause that’s main clause (followed by modal) and if clause or subordinate clause (not followed by modal). Main clause indicating the result by the supposition who term in if clause.

3.2   SUGGESTION

We must study again about conditional sentence because that’s very important for us in speak with guest.